Unit

STRUCTURE OF MACROMOLECULAR TARGETS

Welcome to the Structure of Macromolecular Targets Unit!

Our research focuses on understanding the three-dimensional structure of proteins, their assembly into cellular macromolecular complexes, and the mechanisms underlying their function and regulation. We are particularly interested in how protein malfunctions impact our health, identifying disease-causing protein variants, and developing new therapeutic strategies to correct or bypass defective protein activity.

We employ a multidisciplinary approach that combines structural, biochemical, biophysical, and cellular methods to define the shape, function, and evolution of these macromolecular targets and map their “social network”. We use all possible techniques to get answers and ask better questions.Joining our lab means being trained in this interdisciplinary mindset and acquiring diverse technical skills in an environment of hard work and collaboration.

Santiago Ramón-Maiques (Santi)

Principal Investigator

Santiago, born in Valencia in 1973, earned his PhD in Biology in 2001 from the University of Valencia, under the guidance of Prof. Vicente Rubio at the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV). Trained in Biochemistry, Enzymology and Structural Biology, he specialized in X-ray crystallography with Prof. Ignacio Fita (CBMB, Barcelona). In this period, he contributed to the discovery of a new structural group of enzymes: the amino acid kinase family. Driven by a passion for understanding molecular machines and large macromolecular complexes, Santiago joined Dr. Wei Yang‘s lab at the National Institute of Health (NIH, Bethesda, USA) from 2003 to 2008, studying challenging proteins involved in DNA replication, recombination and repair. During this time, he also collaborated part-time with Dr. Alasdair Steven’s group (NIAMS, NIH), applying single-particle electron microscopy to study DNA-protein complexes that were inaccessible through X-ray crystallography. In 2010, Santiago returned to Spain as a Junior Group Leader at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO, Madrid), where he was awarded a “Ramón y Cajal” research contract. After seven years at CNIO, he became “Científico Titular” at CSIC and moved his group to the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, Madrid). In 2020, his lab relocated to IBV, where he now serves as Deputy Director and collaborates with the CIBERER on rare disease research. Outside the lab, Santiago enjoys spending time with his family, the sea, the waves and the wind. He is also a terrible but enthusiastic guitar player.

Francisco del Caño (Paco)

Postdoctoral Fellow

Paco (Priego de Córdoba, 1988) earned his Bachelor’s degree in Biology from the University of Córdoba in 2012. During his undergraduate studies and Master’s Thesis in Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, he interned in the Department of Genetics and received a collaboration grant from the Ministry of Education. In 2014, Paco joined Santiago Ramón-Maiques’ group at CNIO (Madrid) with a «Severo Ochoa» predoctoral fellowship. There, he gained expertise in molecular and cell biology, genome editing, protein engineering, biochemistry and X-ray crystallography, to study the structure, function, and localization of the multienzymatic complex CAD. The discovery of a new disease caused by CAD-deficiency led him to generate by CRISPR the first human CAD-knockout cell line and develope a cellular assay to identify CAD pathogenic variants, aiding in the diagnosis of children affected by this rare conditionj worlwide. In 2019, he earned his PhD from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, making key contributions to characterize CAD’s cellular localization and elucidating the catalytic mechanisms and conformational changes of its functional domains. Paco played a vital role in relocating the lab, first to the CBMSO, then to the IBV, and lately to the new IBV installations at the Valencian Foundation for Research (CIPF), where he continues working on the functional and structural characterization of molecular targets to advance the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases. When not having fun with cells and proteins, Paco enjoys hanging out, playing soccer, paddle, tennis –you name it– and baking delicious cakes!

Maria Luisa López (Marisa)

Postdoctoral Fellow

Marisa (Toledo, 1977) earned her degree in Biochemistry from the University of Córdoba in 2001. She then moved to the Insituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV) to dor her PhD in the field of X-ray crystallography under the guidance of Prof. Alberto Marina Moreno. During her PhD, she focused mainly on Two-Component Systems (TCS), dedicating her work to both the biochemical characterization of new systems and the structural resolution of key TCS proteins. After graduating in 2011, Marisa continued her training with a postdoctoral period in the United States. She joined David L. Stokes’ group at the Skirball Institute of NYULMC in New York. During this time, she specialized in solving membrane protein structures using cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM). Her primary focus was on studying membrane proteins involved in various diseases, such as a zinc transporter called YiiP. Throughout this period, she gained expertise in handling lipids, detergents, nanodiscs, reconstructing membrane proteins within these systems, and subsequently characterizing and solving their structures using cryoEM. Likewise, she became proficient in all cryoEM techniques from sample preparation to data processing using classic software such as RELION and CryoSPARC. After 10 years (January 2021), she had the opportunity to return to Spain to establish the first cryoEM service in Valencia from the ground up, within José Luis Llácer’s group at the IBV. During the first four years, she set up all the necessary computing infrastructure and software required for cryoEM data processing and structure determination. Simultaneously, she developed protocols and conducted training sessions for sample preparation, both for negative stain and cryoEM. Since January 2025, she joined Santiago Ramón-Maiques’ laboratory at the, assisting the group in launching their cryoEM studies. Her work involves setting up and managing computational programs as well as optimizing the conditions for grid preparation in cryoEM. Besides frying proteins with electrons , she likes partying and scuba diving.

Lluís Eixerés

PhD student

Lluís is a second-year PhD student in Santiago’s lab. He earned his Bachelor’s degree in Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences from the University of Valencia in 2021, followed by a Master’s in Research and Development in Biotechnology and Biomedicine from the same institution in 2022. During his undergraduate years, Lluís gained hands-on experience as an intern in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology under the guidance of Dr. Patricia Casino. There, he mastered fundamental molecular biology and microbiology techniques and became proficient in protein expression and purification. Additionally, he completed a paid internships at the Chair of Science Communication at the University of Valencia, where he developed expertise in scientific outreach and journalism. Lluís’s master’s thesis focused on the structural and functional bases of phosphotransfer systems in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. His dedication to the project led to continued work post-graduation, culminating in a publication in Communications Biology. In 2023, Lluís embarked on his PhD journey, aiming to unravel the unknown function of uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) in humans and other higher eukaryotes.His research employs a multidisciplinary approach, including X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, biochemical assays, and cellular techniques to study subcellular localization and generate CRISPR-KO cell lines. Along the way, he has contributed to other lab projects and co-authored a recent publication in the Journal of Molecular Biology. Since joining the lab, Lluís has presented his work at different meetings, including the 1st annual joint scientific conference CIPF-IBV, where he gave the inaugural lecture, and the ICAP/ICAN 2024 international meeting in Kaiserslautern (Germany), where he presented an oral communication. He also attended the renowned Diamond-CCP4 Data Collection & Structure Solution Workshop 2023 in Oxford, a premier course in protein crystallography with hands-on practice at the synchrotron beamlines. Outside the lab, Lluís moonlights as a semi-pro tennis player and a TV show gladiator, though, for now, science remains the only job that reliably pays the rent.

Carolina Espinosa (Carol)

Technician

Carol earned her title as Técnico Superior en Anatomía Patológica y Citodiagnóstico in 2019 in Valencia. She first joined the Regulation of Protein Synthesis Unit, led by Jose Luís Llácer, and later transitioned to the Structural Enzymopathology Unit, headed by Vicente Rubio, both at the IBV. During this time, she gained extensive experienced in molecular biology techniques, as well as protein expression and purification using bacterial systems. In 2025, Carol became part of a collaborative project between Santiago’s lab and the group of Jose María Millán , at the Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias La Fe hospital (IISLaFe). Now working at Santiago’s lab in the new IBV facilities at the Valencia Research Foundation (CIPF), Carol provides essential support in general lab management, produces and purifies recombinant proteins for various ongoing projects, and still manages to find time to learn new languages and hit the gym!

Macromolecular pyrimidine factories

Pyrimidine nucleotides are vital for all life forms, serving as key components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and acting as activators in glycosylation and the synthesis of carbohydrates and phospholipids. Cells acquire pyrimidine nucleotides via two distinct metabolic pathways. Slowly dividing or differentiated cells rely on dietary intake or nucleic acid breakdown through salvage pathways, while proliferating cells, including cancerous ones, synthesize pyrimidines de novo (from scratch). Our research aims to unravel the complex protein machinery responsible for pyrimidine biosynthesis. Mutations in these proteins lead to severe diseases, while inhibitors could serve as potential anti-tumor agents. But which proteins are involved, and how do they function?

At the core of this process is CAD, a multifunctional protein that fuses four enzymatic domains: glutaminase (GLN), carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS-2), aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC), and dihydroorotase (DHO). CAD assembles into large hexameric particles that drive pyrimidine synthesis. Despite its critical role, CAD’s structure and function remain elusive. We employ protein engineering, X-ray crystallography, and electron microscopy, combined with biochemical and cellular assays, to elucidate CAD’s structure and its catalytic and regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, we investigate other proteins involved in both de novo and salvage pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways.

Identifying and understanding CAD pathogenic changes

Mutations in CAD lead to a rare epileptic encephalopathy that predominantly affects newborns and young children. This severe neurometabolic disorder can lethal, but patients respond remarkably well to a treatment with oral supplements of uridine, making early diagnosis crucial. Our lab has developed a rapid and reliable cellular assay to assess the disease-causing potential of CAD mutations. Through global collaborations with hospitals, we assist in accurately diagnosing affected children and identifying those who could benefit from uridine therapy.

Once we identified a pathogenic variant, we return to the lab bench to study the impact of these mutations. By analyzing the damaging changes, we gain insights into CAD’s functional mechanisms. This knowledge is vital for understanding the molecular basis of the disease and predicting the pathogenic potential of future mutations.

Disease-causing mutations on proteins and protein networks

A protein’s function relies heavily on its structure and interactions with other proteins or molecules. Some mutations have an obvious impact, such as altering an active site residue, while others affect distant regions with unclear consequences. When a protein’s structure or function is poorly understood, evaluating the effects of mutations becomes even more challenging. As a lab specializing in solving protein structures and understanding their function, we leverage our expertise to help assessing the damaging potential of protein variants of uncertain significance. We aim to identify pathogenic changes, elucidate their mechanisms and develop new therapeutic strategies to restore faulty protein function and combat disease.

High conformational flexibility of phosphomannomutase 2: Implications for functioning mechanisms, stability and pharmacological chaperone design. Francisco del Caño-Ochoa, Marçal Vilar, Alicia Vilas, Rebeca Company, Belén Pérez, Santiago Ramón-Maiques. bioRxiv 2025.01.27.635082; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.01.27.635082

Synthetic heparan sulfate mimics based on chitosan derivatives show broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Revuelta J, Rusu L, Frances-Gomez C, Trapero E, Iglesias S, Pinilla EC,Blázquez AB, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Konuparamban A, Moreno O, Gómez Martínez M, Forcada-Nadal A, López-Redondo ML, Avilés-Alía AI; IBV-Covid19-Pipeline; Llácer JL, Llop J, Martín Acebes MÁ, Geller R, Fernández-Mayoralas A. Commun Biol. 2025, 8(1):360.

Disruption of CAD Oligomerization by Pathogenic Variants. Del Caño-Ochoa F, Ramadane-Morchadi L, Eixerés L, Moreno-Morcillo M,Fernández-Leiro R, Ramón-Maiques S. J Mol Biol. 2024, 436(23):168832.

Significance of utilizing in silico structural analysis and phenotypic data to characterize phenylalanine hydroxylase variants: A PAH landscape. Himmelreich N, Ramón-Maiques S, Navarrete R, Castejon-Fernandez N, Garbade SF, Martinez A, Desviat LR, Pérez B, Blau N. Mol Genet Metab. 2024 Jul;142(3):108514.

PAH deficient pathology in humanized c.1066-11G>A phenylketonuria mice. Martínez-Pizarro A, Picó S, López-Márquez A, Rodriguez-López C, Montalvo E,Alvarez M, Castro M, Ramón-Maiques S, Pérez B, Lucas JJ, Richard E, Desviat LR. Hum Mol Genet. 2024, 33(12):1074-1089.

Biallelic hypomorphic variants in CAD cause uridine-responsive macrocytic anaemia with elevated haemoglobin-A2. Steinberg-Shemer O, Yacobovich J, Noy-Lotan S, Dgany O, Krasnov T, Barg A,Landau YE, Kneller K, Somech R, Gilad O, Brik Simon D, Orenstein N, Izraeli S,Del Caño-Ochoa F, Tamary H, Ramón-Maiques S. Br J Haematol. 2024, 204(3):1067-1071.

Beyond genetics: Deciphering the impact of missense variants in CAD deficiency. Del Caño-Ochoa F, Ng BG, Rubio-Del-Campo A, Mahajan S, Wilson MP, Vilar M,Rymen D, Sánchez-Pintos P, Kenny J, Ley Martos M, Campos T, Wortmann SB, Freeze HH, Ramón-Maiques S. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2023 Nov;46(6):1170-1185.

A tailored strategy to crosslink the aspartate transcarbamoylase domain of the multienzymatic protein CAD. Del Caño-Ochoa F, Rubio-Del-Campo A, Ramón-Maiques S. Molecules. 2023, 28(2):660.

Pathogenic variants of the coenzyme A biosynthesis-associated enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase cause autosomal-recessive dilated cardiomyopathy. Bravo-Alonso I, Morin M, Arribas-Carreira L, Álvarez M, Pedrón-Giner C,Soletto L, Santolaria C, Ramón-Maiques S, Ugarte M, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Ariño J,Moreno-Pelayo MÁ, Pérez B. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2023, 46(2):261-272.

Phosphorylation of T897 in the dimerization domain of Gemin5 modulates protein interactions and translation regulation. Francisco-Velilla R, Embarc-Buh A, Abellan S, Del Caño-Ochoa F, Ramón-Maiques S, Martinez-Salas E. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2022, 20:6182-6191.

A functional platform for the selection of pathogenic variants of PMM2 amenable to rescue via the use of pharmacological chaperones. Segovia-Falquina C, Vilas A, Leal F, Del Caño-Ochoa F, Kirk EP, Ugarte M,Ramón-Maiques S, Gámez A, Pérez B. . Hum Mutat. 2022, 43(10):1430-1442.

Functional and structural deficiencies of Gemin5 variants associated with neurological disorders. Francisco-Velilla R, Embarc-Buh A, Del Caño-Ochoa F, Abellan S, Vilar M,Alvarez S, Fernandez-Jaen A, Kour S, Rajan DS, Pandey UB, Ramón-Maiques S,Martinez-Salas E. Life Sci Alliance. 2022, 5(7):e202201403.

Insight on molecular pathogenesis and pharmacochaperoning potential in phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency, provided by novel human phosphomannomutase 2 structures. Briso-Montiano A, Del Caño-Ochoa F, Vilas A, Velázquez-Campoy A, Rubio V, Pérez B, Ramón-Maiques S. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2022, Mar;45(2):318-333.

Deciphering CAD: Structure and function of a mega-enzymatic pyrimidine factory in health and disease. Del Caño-Ochoa F, Ramón-Maiques S. Protein Sci. 2021 30(10):1995-2008

Afatinib exerts immunomodulatory effects by targeting the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme CAD. Tu HF, Ko CJ, Lee CT, Lee CF, Lan SW, Lin HH, Lin HY, Ku CC, Lee DY, Chen IC, Chuang YH, Del Caño-Ochoa F, Ramón-Maiques S, Ho CC, Lee MS, Chang GD. Cancer Res. 2021 81(12):3270-3282

Mechanisms of feedback inhibition and sequential firing of active sites in plant aspartate transcarbamoylase. Bellin L, Del Caño-Ochoa F, Velázquez-Campoy A, Möhlmann T, Ramón-Maiques S. Nat Commun. 2021 12(1):947

The GATA3 X308_Splice breast cancer mutation is a hormone context-dependent oncogenic driver. Hruschka N, Kalisz M, Subijana M, Graña-Castro O, Del Cano-Ochoa F, Brunet LP, Chernukhin I, Sagrera A, De Reynies A, Kloesch B, Chin SF, Burgués O, Andreu D, Bermejo B, Cejalvo JM, Sutton J, Caldas C, Ramón-Maiques S, Carroll JS, Prat A, Real FX, Martinelli P. Oncogene 2020 39(32):5455-5467

Cell-based analysis of CAD variants identifies individuals likely to benefit from uridine therapy. Del Caño-Ochoa F, Ng BG, Abedalthagafi M, Almannai M, Cohn RD, Costain G, Elpeleg O, Houlden H, Karimiani EG, Liu P, Manzini MC, Maroofian R, Muriello M, Al-Otaibi A, Patel H, Shimon E, Sutton VR, Toosi MB, Wolfe LA, Rosenfeld JA, Freeze HH, Ramón-Maiques S. Genet Med. 2020 22(10):1598-1605

The multienzymatic protein CAD leading the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines localizes exclusively in the cytoplasm and does not translocate to the nucleus. Del Caño-Ochoa F, Ramón-Maiques S. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2020 39(10-12):1320-1334

CAD, a multienzymatic protein at the head of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Del Caño-Ochoa F, Moreno-Morcillo M, Ramón-Maiques S. Subcell Biochem. 2019 93:505-538

Structural basis for the dimerization of Gemin5 and its role in protein recruitment and translation control. Moreno-Morcillo M, Francisco-Velilla R, Embarc-Buh A, Fernández-Chamorro J, Ramón-Maiques S, Martinez-Salas E. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 48(2):788-801

Characterization of the catalytic flexible loop in the dihydroorotase domain of the human multi-enzymatic protein CAD. Del Caño-Ochoa F, Grande-García A, Reverte-López M, D’Abramo M, Ramón-Maiques S. J Biol Chem. 2018 293(49):18903-18913

Gain-of-function mutations in DNMT3A in patients with paraganglioma. Remacha L, Currás-Freixes M, Torres-Ruiz R, Schiavi F, Torres-Pérez R, Calsina B, Letón R, Comino-Méndez I, Roldán-Romero JM, Montero-Conde C, Santos M, Pérez LI, Pita G, Alonso MR, Honrado E, Pedrinaci S, Crespo-Facorro B, Percesepe A, Falcioni M, Rodríguez-Perales S, Korpershoek E, Ramón-Maiques S, Opocher G, Rodríguez-Antona C, Robledo M, Cascón A. Genet Med. 2018 20(12):1644-1651

CAD: A multifunctional protein leading de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Moreno-Morcillo M, Ramón-Maiques S. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (eLS) 2017. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0027193

Structural insight into the core of CAD, the multifunctional protein leading de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Moreno-Morcillo M, Grande-García A, Ruiz-Ramos A, Del Caño-Ochoa F, Boskovic J, Ramón-Maiques S. Structure. 2017 25(6):912-923.e5

Structure and functional characterization of human aspartate transcarbamoylase, the target of the anti-tumoral drug PALA. Ruiz-Ramos A, Velázquez-Campoy A, Grande-García A, Moreno-Morcillo M, Ramón-Maiques S. Structure. 2016 24(7):1081-94

The N-terminal domain of MuB protein has striking structural similarity to DNA-binding domains and mediates MuB filament-filament interactions. Dramićanin M, López-Méndez B, Boskovic J, Campos-Olivas R, Ramón-Maiques S. J Struct Biol. 2015 191(2):100-11.

MuB gives a new twist to target DNA selection. Dramićanin M, Ramón-Maiques S. Mob Genet Elements. 2013, 3(5):e27515.

Structure, functional characterization, and evolution of the dihydroorotase domain of human CAD. Grande-García A, Lallous N, Díaz-Tejada C, Ramón-Maiques S. Structure. 2014, 22(2):185-98.

Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the aspartate transcarbamoylase domain of human CAD. Ruiz-Ramos A, Lallous N, Grande-García A, Ramón-Maiques S. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2013, 69(Pt 12):1425-30.

MuB is an AAA+ ATPase that forms helical filaments to control target selection for DNA transposition. Mizuno N, Dramićanin M, Mizuuchi M, Adam J, Wang Y, Han YW, Yang W, Steven AC, Mizuuchi K, Ramón-Maiques S. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013, 110(27):E2441-50.

Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the dihydroorotase domain of human CAD. Lallous N, Grande-García A, Molina R, Ramón-Maiques S. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2012, 68(Pt 11):1341-5.

The PHD finger of human UHRF1 reveals a new subgroup of unmethylated histone H3 tail readers. Lallous N, Legrand P, McEwen AG, Ramón-Maiques S, Samama JP, Birck C. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27599.

We are happy and honored to have had many awesome people in our lab.

Thank you all for sharing your passion for Science and your friendship.

	Nada Lallous – Postdoc. Currently a Senior Research Scientist at the Vancouver Prostate Cancer and Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of British Columbia, Canada

	Marija Dramiçanin – PhD student. Currently Head of Protein Production Facility at Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne, Australia

	Maria D. Moreno and Araceli Grande – Postdoc and Technician. Currently in the group of Rafael Fernández-Leiro at CNIO, Madrid.

	Igor Yefimenko – Technician. Currently, Senior Scientist at the pharma company Evotec, UK.

	Alba Ruiz Ramos – PhD student. She did two postdoctoral stays with F. Real and O. Llorca at CNIO, worked at the Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (AECC), and is currently at Agencia de evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias de Andalucía (AETSA).

	Celsa Diaz Tejada – Master student. Currently a Lead Data Scientist at HeyJobs in Berlin, Germany.

	Maria Reverte López – Undergraduate student. Currently PhD student at the Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Martinsried, Germany.

	Miriam Poley – JAE ICU internship. Currently, PhD researcher at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center working on machine learning for Structural Bioinformatics and Biophysics

	Antonio Rubio del Campo – Postdoctoral. Currently, at the Institiuto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA, CSIC).

	And to all our summer and visiting students… Unluckily, we do not have pictures for all of you but we thank you all for sharing the fun of learning and your endless curiosity!

Francisco (Curro) Vicente (Spain), Marta Fernández (Spain), Eliska Smirakova (Czech Republic), Daniela Caijao (Colombia), Luisa Gleich (Germany), Patricia Exposito (Spain), Manuel Garavito (Colombia), Fernando Valenzuela (Spain), Leo Bellin (Germany), Alessio Falzone (Germany), Uxía Pérez (Spain), Laura García (Spain), Rebeca Company (Spain), Aneliya Dragomirova (Spain), Miriam Poley (Spain), Vanessa Scherer (Germany), Alejandro Alarcón (Austria), Lobna Ramadane (Spain), Juan Luis Gallego (Spain), Jordi Juan Girnoés (Spain), Jose Antonio Ferrandis (Spain), Pablo López (Spain)

2025 Carol and Marisa joined our group! Santi, Carol, Paco, Lluís
	2024 At the ICAP/ICAN Meeting in Kaiserslautern, Germany Lluís Eixerés, Santi, Paco del Caño
2023 Meeting (for the first time!) our collaborators at Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla Paco, Bobby Ng, Hudson H. Freeze, Santi
	2023 Our lab moved with five more groups from IBV moved to the new IBV space at the Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF). We were very lucky to have Lobna Ramadane, bioinformatician from Hospital San Carlos in Madrid, in our group for a short 6 month stay (What a treat!). Santi, Pablo López, Paco, Lobna Ramadane, Lluís Eixerés
2022 The group grows in “la terreta”. Francisco del Caño, Antonio Rubio, Santi, Anneliya Dragomirova, Rebeca Company
	2020 In the middle of the pandemic, the Lab (Paco and me) moved to the Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV, CSIC) Paco, Santi
2019 Paco defended his PhD Thesis. Congratulations Dr. Del Caño!!!
	2017 Santiago was appointed Científico Titular of the CSIC and the lab moved to the Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM) Santi, María Moreno, Francisco del Caño
2016 Structural Biology Lab Day. Thanks to all member of Daniel Lietha’s Lab and to Ramón Campo’s Unit for fun times at CNIO
	2016 Alba defended her PhD Thesis. Congratulations Dr. Ruiz-Ramos!!
2016 Finally!…. We got 50/50 Alba Ruiz, Araceli Grande, Maria Moreno, Igor Yefimenko, Francisco del Caño, Santi
	2015 Our team would not be complete without the help of nice collaborators and visiting friends: Jasminka Boskovic and Marcin Nowotny.
2015 First poster award at the SEBBM congress in Valencia Congratulations Paco!
2015 Spoiled by an awesome team! Santi, Francisco del Caño, Marija Dramiçanin, Carlos Damian, Araceli Grande, María Moreno, Patricia Exposito, Alba Ruiz.
	2014 Sitting two Andalusian PhD students in the office seemed a good idea… at the beginning. Alba Ruiz Ramos, Francisco del Caño Ochoa, Santi
2012 CNIO Structural Bases of Genome Integrity Group Nada Lallous, Marija Dramiçanin, Santi, Leyre Rivero, Araceli Grande, Alba Ruíz
	2010-2011 Starting as Junior Group at CNIO. Great Team, Great Times! Santi, Nada Lallous, Marija Dramiçanin, Leyre Rivero, Araceli Grande